The Republic (509a.C-27 BC)

According to tradition, in 509 BC there were a number of key events in the history of Rome : he drove the last monarch, Rome was taken by the army of Porsenna, the treaty between Rome and Carthage was signed, started the Consular pageantry and the temple of Jupiter Capitoline devoted. Many events seem to so little time. The only safe belonging to 509 BC is the dedication of the temple of Jupiter. The remaining might happen later, but with little time difference.

Coin with the image of the Temple of Jupiter

The Consular Fasti (lists with the names of the consuls who served as a reference for major events dating) are basic for the study of the Republic from 503 BC, when it is considered that they are already worthy of credibility.
Another system used is based on clavus annalis ritual. This practice began in the year following the dedication of the Temple of Jupiter and was to hammer a nail into the wall of the cella of Minerva each anniversary of this dedication. The first nail was nailed in 508 BC, a year after his consecration. The Minerva and Juno: The Temple of Jupiter, plus the cella of Jupiter, consisted of two attached.
The decade that followed the 509 (date of the conspiracy against the last king of Rome, Tarquinius Superbus, when out of the city of Rome besieging Ardea) is a dark period only isolated facts are known.

Transition from Monarchy to Republic

The political transition from monarchy to the republic was followed by severe internal social tensions that were exploited by the neighboring villages to reduce the territorial control of Rome and get their disappearance. Hence, during the first 70 years of the Republic, Rome had to confirm its identity too often.
The early years of the Republic are uncertain as a result of the political turmoil. There were supporters of the monarchy, the Republic of Porsenna and the Latin League, among others. Those who conspired in 509 BC had not provided any institutional formula to replace the monarchy.
All historians agree that double and collegiate -magistratura Consulate throughout the Republic- not emerge immediately after the expulsion of Tarquin.

The most widespread theory assumes that in the transition from monarchy to the consulate was passed through an intermediate stage in which a praetor maximus is appointed for one year and later desdoblaría their duties. Although he approached the binary system of consuls, they were being appointed as magistrates at least to 449 BC, with the law Valeria Time.
It seems that the supreme magistracy were not monopolized by patres -people who controlled the Senate, the army and the priesthoods since the beginning of the history of Rome - as cases commoners who occupied the consulate until known until 485 BC The climate of tension and confrontation in the beginning of the Republic lead to stronger commitments and formalize partnerships among them factions.
From 485 came the intransigence of patrician going to control all civil and religious tribunals and excluding commoners from any responsibility in government.

Roman law

Apart from the struggles between patricians and plebeians, the Republic was characterized by the expansion of Roman power the entire peninsular Italy, by the enactment of the Twelve Tables in 450 BC and by civil wars for equality. The Twelve Tables, so called because it was written in twelve tables, is the oldest Roman law code. It was established to appease the demands of the plebeians.
Until this code was written Roman law had a sacred character, having been attached to the monarchy and to the college of pontiffs. With his writing it desecrates Roman law form the basis of the right of the Western world. For the historian Livy, the Twelve Tables were the source of all, both public and private Roman law.

Julio Cesar

Between 133 and 27 BC developed a very turbulent period in the history of Rome due to a complex economic, social and political situation which led to moments of tension, such as those experienced with the Gracchi or social wars between nobles and commoners. araku places to visit

The dictatorship: transition from the Republic to the Roman Empire

The big step toward a political system in which power to accumulate in the hands of one person gave Sila (dictator in the years 82-79). The systematization of Sila was very important and one of the consequences it had, and greatly influenced politics and the end of the Republic, lay in the fact that all political power concentrated in the hands of the Senate, made that did not happen with the executive.
This resulted in the Senate had to trust the executive a strong man, a general who also was political. In turn, the popular also wanted seize power causing a strengthening of personal power in governing. The strengthening of personalism led the triumvirate and dictatorships of Caesar or Augustus, and marked the end of the Republic and the principle of a new stage, the Empire.