What was the first video game in history? This is a recurring question that we find online and that still not we agree. It seems clear that was not the legendary Pong and is very possible that the answer depends on what you mean or demos as valid as "game". Digital or analog also fall Games?
Still, even before any hint of game as we know it today to electronic entertainment, there were a number of pioneers; physicists, chemists and mathematicians who conducted tests and academic experiments. They were the forerunners for the existence of this huge industry today. This is a brief look at their findings.
Nintendo was created in 1889 as a Japanese factory decks of cards, Sony
in 1946 to fix radios and even SEGA, founded in 1965, was dedicated at
first to sell jukeboxes to American military bases. Therefore, these giants of electronic entertainment today had no influence on the origin of video games.
Unlike although it sounds a bit surreal, it is possible that those who
love the game we owe "something" to the Nazis, or to be more precise and
perhaps more accurate assessment at the end of the Nazi era after the
end of World War II .
The reason is very simple. It was a new period where, after leaving behind years of war, the major powers embarked on a new technology race.
The end of the 40s was an explosion of imagination in many areas, but
mainly in finding and creating improvements in the field of computing
and programming, sought to build a more powerful machine. It is quite possible that at this point we have to speak first of Alan Turing and Enigma .
Enigma was not just the machine that helped decipher the secret codes
used by the Nazi army, he led Turing also be associated with, among
others, the mathematical Clause Shannon. The story goes that in this society the principles of established theory of computation , and then came the basics of programming, interaction and electronic devices.
1947: Comes entertainment device cathode ray
We face the possibly was the first interactive electronic game.
Created by Thomas T. Goldsmith Jr. and Estle Ray Mann, it was a patent
filed on January 25, 1947 and published on December 14, 1948. In essence
the "game" or program was rather a missile simulator inspired on the
radar screens of the Second World War.
Using analog circuitry, not digital, with controlling and you could see for the first time in a screen CRT (CRT). We can not add the nickname game, as there are no graphics or movement on the screen. It was a first experiment of which are recorded records of the original patent.
1948-1951: first comes the program "Chess"
We go back to Turing, as with DG Champernowne written and developed in 1948 the first algorithm to play chess.
In this case the mathematical makes it as an example of what you can
get an "intelligent" machine having laid the foundations of the theory
of computation.
Two years later, in 1950, his colleague Claude Shannon developed the
first "playable" chess program, which came to be the first "draft" to
create a game, although in this case there were no resources to carry
out and Material is recorded for possible future development.
Finally the figure of Dietrich Prinz, who took up the challenge of
developing their colleagues to write the first limited chess program a
year later appears. He did it through the University of Manchester with computer Ferranti Mark I , also known as the first commercial electronic computer. The program created was only able to calculate a few moves and was not powerful enough to play a full game. Of course, it was a big step, and the following year, in 1951, managed to test the program. A first game simulating the movements of the computer, since the program still did not display video.
We are therefore the first breakthrough, we think that at this point
they were laying the foundations of current chess programs.
1951: Nim, the first "exclusive game"
It is a 5 May 1951 and the computer NIMROD , created by Ferranti, it is presented in the Festival of Britain. It does so using a light panel for screen and was designed exclusively to play the game Nim (numerical game Chinese tradition).
It is therefore another historic moment, the first time (or at least it
has record) that a digital computer is specifically designed to play a
game.
The game itself allowed two modes: the "traditional" or vice versa, in an inverted mode of the game. Of course, I had no screen, so we can not give the qualifier game.
NIMROD was based on an older machine, Nimatron, which had been designed
by EU Condon and built by Westinghouse Electric in 1940 for an
exhibition in New York. Anecdotally, both machines were an absolute animalada, for example reached Nimatron weigh 1 ton.
1952: OXO, the first three in a row and the first game ¿?
We are possibly the key moment of the pre-game history. It was 1952 when Alexander S. Douglas presents his thesis at the University of Cambridge. Nothing less than the first computer game that used an electronic graphic display. OXO, also known as the first three in a row, was the first real confrontation between man and machine with a game approach.
The program presented by Douglas allowed the machine face EDSAC (Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator) turn the first computer able to save and store electronic programs. To face the machine and as a command or control of the game, Douglas had developed as a point of interaction a dial phone.
As we said at the beginning, you may OXO is the first video game in
history if we consider that was the first to display graphics on a
digital display. I had no motion video, and this may be argument, but of course, we were at the first hint of game throughout rule. A pity that only it were a thesis, why never left the University of Cambridge. The following image is an idea of what was, in this case through an emulator for Mac OS X. EDSAC
1958: Tennis for Two: the first "game" official
If you do not take for valid academic experiment was OXO as first game, Tennis for Two would get the award. It is the first that meets all the guidelines you can order a video game as such. Yes, again it became an experiment, but also a video game. The only "but" could be used only circuitry.
Tennis for Two was the first computer game developed in 1958 in the
analog computer Donner Model 30, and essentially simulated a game of
tennis or ping pong in an oscilloscope . It was created by the American physicist William Higinbotham order to entertain visitors who came to Brookhaven National Laboratory.
Through a side view we are presenting a tennis court, a network
represented by a small line in the center and a ball, which already
offered an amazing physics and gravity and especially ahead of its time.
Here we could end the precursors set of experiments and developments of
video games, but it is important to note that three years after Tennis
for Two, in 1961, appeared Spacewar , considered (again) as the first computer game in history. He came the opportunity to play two people taking control of a spaceship and the sole purpose of destroying opponents.
Really at this point every small step taken by man scampered over
precursors experiments and was aimed at mass electronic entertainment we
know today.
After Spacewar! developments come first baseball simulator (1965), Ping Pong
(1967), Space Travel, Lunar Lander and Hammurabi (all in 1969),
Highnoon (1970) and Star Trek Galaxy Game (1971) and finally the
legendary Pong 1972. The latter and as we see, it is impossible to give
the nickname of the first game, but will go down in history as the first
huge success of the industry (the game in bars swept) and possibly the
precursor to exist that machine today making money is the electronic
entertainment industry.
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